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Code Module Credits Duration Prerequisite(s)
YEAR 3

--- Complete 2 subject from the elective 4 60 hrs ---
group B

BSBB3102 Immunohematology (Blood Bank) 2 30 hrs ---
Immunohematology is a specialized branch of laboratory medicine, which provides the
study of the basic principles of immunology, human blood group systems, the theory and
application of blood banking techniques. The topics to be covered include: preparation of
blood component, routine blood banking procedures including blood grouping, antibody
screening, antibody identification and crossmatching, hemolytic disease of the newborn
and adverse complications of transfusion.

BSHP3101 Histopathology 5 75 hrs BSPP1102
Histopathology is a bridging discipline involving both basic science and clinical practice and

devoted to the study of the structural and functional changes in cells, tissues and organs
that underlie disease. Histopathology explains the whys and wherefores of the signs and
symptoms of the patients and provides a sound foundation for rational clinical care and
therapy. As other medical courses, the study of histopathology consists of two parts:
lectures and laboratory work. The purpose of laboratory work is mainly to integrate
theoretical knowledge with practical work and to train the ability of observing the
structures of cells, tissues and organs under the microscope.

BSLM3102 Laboratory Management 3 45 hrs ---
This introductory module on laboratory management is designed to provide students with
a solid foundation in the essentials of managing a laboratory. Students can become familiar
with basic laboratory facilities and the key processes involved in formulating and
implementing effective laboratory management. The curriculum covers critical topics such
as laboratory safety management, staff organization and training, instrument
maintenance, reagent storage, sample processing, crisis management, and quality control.
Additionally, students can explore the application of artificial intelligence in modern
laboratory management practices.
BSMB3101 Molecular Biology 6 90 hrs ---

The aim of this module is to provide theoretical and practical knowledge in molecular
biology. Key concepts and procedures underlying nucleic acid and protein manipulation
methods in the molecular biology laboratory, including the isolation of nucleic acids,
molecular cloning, selection and analysis of recombinant DNA, sequencing, microarray and
the application of molecular biology in various fields.
BSMD3102 Molecular Diagnostics 4 60 hrs ---

This module covers the principles of molecular diagnostics, which is the process of
identifying a disease or condition by studying molecules, such as DNA, RNA and protein in
tissue or fluid. Molecular diagnostics is a new discipline that captures genomic and
proteomic expression patterns and uses the information to distinguish between two or
more conditions at the molecular level. The conditions under investigation can be human
genetic disease or infectious diseases. Molecular diagnostics is not just confined to human
diseases but can be applied to animals or plants, and can also be used in environmental
monitoring, food processing as well.

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